Many people start sneezing and rubbing their itchy eyes the moment they open their window—they might be dealing with airborne allergies. These are allergic reactions to tiny particles floating in the air around us.
Allergies aren’t just a seasonal inconvenience, for many people it can interfere with work, sleep, or daily activities.
Let’s explore what triggers airborne allergies, how they look like, and what you can actually do to prevent and manage them.
What are Airborne Allergies?
Airborne allergies happen when your immune system reacts to some tiny particles in the air which are otherwise harmless. But somehow your immune system sees them as a threat and in a reaction to them it releases a chemical called histamine which causes allergic symptoms like sneezing, itchy eyes, runny nose, and congestion.
It’s difficult to avoid airborne allergies as the triggers are literally in the air you breathe. That’s why it’s very important to know what triggers airborne allergies so you can manage them properly.
What Triggers Airborne Allergies?
There are many common airborne allergens (aeroallergens) that can trigger airborne allergies. Some common culprits include:
Pollen
Pollen is a fine yellowish powder released by plants during their reproduction cycle. It travels through the air to fertilise other plants but can be a problem for people who are allergic to it.
Pollen is one of the leading causes of seasonal allergies, especially in spring and summer.
Common types of pollen include tree, grass, and weed pollen.
People allergic to them may notice their allergies flare-up during specific times of the year when pollen count is high. So if your allergies flare up seasonally, pollen is the likely trigger.
Fungal Spores and Mould
Mould releases tiny spores into the air that can be found both indoors and outdoors. We breathe them in everyday, but some of us have a sensitive immune system that reacts to these spores. For them, inhaling too much of these spores can trigger allergy symptoms or even asthma.
Moulds are especially present in damp places, bathrooms, and old buildings with poor ventilation.
However, not all types of mould cause allergies. The most common allergy causing ones are Cladosporium and Aspergillus.
Dust Mites and Insects
Dust mites are microscopic creatures that live in beddings, carpets, and soft furnishings. Their droppings can trigger allergies in many people throughout the year. People who are allergic to them often notice worsening of their symptoms at night or first thing in the morning.
Tiny particles from insects can also become airborne and cause allergies in some people. These particles can come from things like their saliva, dried droppings, shed scales, or even wings.
Common sources include cockroaches, flies, and even caterpillars.
Animal Allergens
Allergies to pets such as cats and dogs are common . The protein found in pet dander (tiny flakes of skin), saliva, and urine can trigger allergy symptoms. These allergens become airborne and stick to furniture, carpets, and clothes. This makes them hard to avoid if you have a pet at home or even visit a home that has pets.
Pets can also bring outdoor allergens like pollen, into the house on their fur. So sometimes your allergic reaction might not be due to your pet itself, but from the pollen it unknowingly carried inside.
Occupational and Environmental Triggers
For some people workplace exposures such as flour dust, wood dust, or chemical fumes can cause “occupational allergies” or even asthma.
Pollution from traffic and smoke can also cause and worsen allergic reactions.
What are the Symptoms of Airborne Allergies?
Symptoms of airborne allergies can range from mild to severe and can look similar to a cold.
These include:
- Sneezing
- Runny or blocked nose
- Itchy or watery eyes
- Scratchy throat
- Coughing
- Wheezing or shortness of breath (in more severe cases)
How to Prevent and Manage Airborne Allergies
Allergens can’t be removed from air completely but there are some steps you can take to minimise your exposure.
- Monitor Pollen Counts
Check the daily pollen forecast. Keep your windows closed and avoid going out when pollen count is high. If you have to go out, wear a mask to reduce the amount of pollen you inhale.
- Avoid Carpets and Heavy Fabrics
Carpeting, fabric-covered furniture, and thick curtains can trap dust and dust mites. Try to opt for wipeable surfaces and lighter window coverings.
- Keep your home clean
Damp mop hard floors daily, if you can, and dust hard surfaces with a dry cloth. Since vacuuming and dusting can stir particles in the air, it’s better to wear a mask.
- Control Humidity
Keep indoor humidity below 50% to slow the growth of dust mites. You can do it by using dehumidifiers.
- Use Air Filters
A HEPA filter can trap airborne allergens. It forces air through a fine mesh that catches dust, pollen, and other particles.
- Wash Bedding and Clothes Often
Wash sheets, pillowcases, and blankets in hot water once or twice a week to kill mites.
Wash your clothes regularly as dust and dirt on fabric can also trigger allergies.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice that your symptoms are affecting your sleep, work, or other daily activities, it’s a good idea to consult with your doctor. Your GP may recommend allergy testing to confirm what’s causing your symptoms or refer you to an allergy specialist for more specific tests and treatment plans.
Final Thoughts
If you know what triggers airborne allergies, it can make a huge difference in how you prevent and manage them. Whether it’s pollen, dust mite, mould, or pet dander you can make small adjustments at home to avoid these allergens.
That said, it’s important to seek medical advice when needed so you can enjoy every season without constant sneezing.
